Göbeklitepe is the world’s oldest known temple complex, dating back over 11,000 years, predating agriculture and rewriting the history of civilization.
Table of Contents
Introduction: A 12,000-Year-Old Enigma
Deep in the heart of southeastern Turkey, near Şanlıurfa, lies an archaeological marvel that has reshaped our understanding of early civilization—Göbeklitepe. This extraordinary site, dating back 12,000 years, is the oldest known monumental structure built by humans, pre-dating Stonehenge by over 6,000 years. Its discovery has fundamentally altered our perception of human development, suggesting that complex religious or communal structures existed long before the advent of agriculture.
Göbekli Tepe is a Neolithic site and one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of recent times. Dating back to around 9600 BCE, it belongs to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period, meaning it predates the widespread use of pottery and metal tools.
The Site and Its Significance
First identified in the 1960s, Göbeklitepe only gained worldwide recognition in the 1990s when archaeologist Klaus Schmidt unearthed its true significance. The site consists of a series of massive T-shaped limestone pillars, some reaching up to 5.5 meters (18 feet) high and weighing 10-20 tons. These intricately carved megaliths feature elaborate depictions of animals such as foxes, snakes, boars, and vultures, as well as abstract symbols that hint at a sophisticated belief system.
A Revolution in Archaeology: Back to the Drawing Board
Before the discovery of Göbeklitepe, scholars believed that early humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agrarian society before developing religion and large communal structures. However, Göbeklitepe challenges this theory. It suggests that spiritual or religious beliefs may have driven early humans to organize, collaborate, and build monumental sites long before they had established permanent agricultural settlements.
Archaeologists have found traces of wild wheat and barley at the site, suggesting that early humans may have begun experimenting with proto-agriculture to support the workforce required for constructing these massive structures.
The Mystery of Its Burial
One of the most puzzling aspects of Göbeklitepe is that it was deliberately buried around 8,000 BCE—after being actively used for over 3,000 years. The reasons behind this remain unknown, but theories suggest that it could have been a ritualistic closure or an attempt to preserve the sacred site.
Surrounding Taş Tepeler (“Stone Hills”)
Recent excavations indicate that Göbeklitepe is just the tip of the iceberg. The region surrounding it, known as Taş Tepeler (“Stone Hills”), contains at least twelve similar sites that are still being uncovered. Among them are Karahan Tepe, Sefer Tepe, and Hamzan Tepe, each revealing more about the sophisticated societies that inhabited the region over 10,000 years ago.
Archaeologists believe these sites were not just isolated temples but rather part of an interconnected network of ritual and communal centers where early humans gathered for unknown purposes. The presence of carved skulls, unusual humanoid figures, and six-fingered depictions suggests a complex and symbolic belief system yet to be fully understood.
Nearby Attractions
Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Göbeklitepe has become a major attraction for history and archaeology enthusiasts worldwide. The Şanlıurfa Archaeology and Mosaic Museum houses many artifacts from the site, offering further insight into its enigmatic past.
Private Tours to Göbeklitepe with The Other Tour
Discover the mysteries of Göbeklitepe with The Other Tour’s private trips from Istanbul. Our exclusive experience includes:
Private transportation to and from Istanbul Airport.
A flight to Şanlıurfa and a personalized welcome upon arrival.
A guided tour of Göbeklitepe, where you’ll explore its ancient structures and ongoing excavations.
A city tour of Şanlıurfa, home to the legendary Pool of Abraham, traditional bazaars, and local delicacies.
Join us on an unforgettable journey into the origins of civilization, and witness first-hand the site that is rewriting human history.
1-Day Tour Itinerary from Istanbul
Our journey takes us to the remarkable Mosaic Museum of Şanlıurfa, where you’ll discover an impressive collection of mosaics and artifacts unearthed in the region. These ancient masterpieces offer a fascinating glimpse into the artistic and cultural heritage of this historic land.
Highlights of the Tour:
- Göbekli Tepe Archaeological Site – Explore the world’s oldest known temple complex.
- Abraham’s Pool & Cave – Visit the legendary site linked to the prophet Abraham.
- Mosaic Museum of Şanlıurfa – Admire intricate mosaics that reflect the region’s artistic legacy.
- Edessa’s Local Bazaar – Experience the vibrant market life and shop for unique local goods.
As the day concludes, we’ll transfer you to Şanlıurfa Airport for your return flight to Istanbul. Upon arrival, a member of our team will greet you and escort you back to your hotel for a well-earned rest.
Gobeklitepe Tour Questions
Let’s answer the common questions.
How is the weather in Şanlıurfa?
Şanlıurfa has hot summers and chilly winters, sometimes dipping below freezing. Dress accordingly for the season.
What time will I be picked up from my hotel in Istanbul?
Pickup times depend on flight schedules. We typically recommend an early morning flight to maximize your experience.
Can I customize the itinerary?
Absolutely! We can adjust the schedule to include additional sites. Let us know in advance so we can plan accordingly.
Is Şanlıurfa close to the Syrian border?
Yes, but the region remains stable. We continuously monitor the situation and will keep you updated.
What kind of vehicle do you use for transportation?
The vehicle depends on group size. We typically use air-conditioned, non-smoking vehicles like the Mercedes Vito for smaller groups or Mercedes Sprinter for larger parties.
Get in touch today
With The Other Tour, experience these groundbreaking archaeological sites in a deeply immersive and engaging way. Our custom-designed itineraries ensure that you explore beyond the usual narratives, diving into the ritualistic, astronomical, and architectural significance of these ancient sanctuaries.
Led by expert guides and local scholars, you’ll gain an intimate understanding of the enigmatic carvings, T-shaped megaliths, and subterranean structures that still puzzle historians today.
- 💰Entrance Fee: €20
Stay tuned for more updates on Göbeklitepe and the Taş Tepeler discoveries as archaeologists continue to unearth new revelations about our past!
Fantastic place!! I have to add it to my itinerary for April 2025. How long does it take to visit Gobekli tepe? And what if I also want to include Karahan Tepe?